Enhancing Human Reliability Prediction in Smart Tower Crane Interfaces: A Refined Approach Using Simplified Plant Analysis Risk–Human Reliability Assessment and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory–Analytic Network Process

With the advent of Industry 4.0, the prevalence of tower cranes equipped with hook visualization is increasing. However, the introduction of new interface management tasks has led to novel patterns of human errors for operators. The Simplified Plant Analysis Risk–Human Reliability Assessment (SPAR-H) method has emerged as a relevant approach for the prediction of human reliability in smart construction tower crane operations. However, the current SPAR-H method is only partially applicable and does not fully meet the requirements of this study. Initially, a text mining approach (TF-IDF-TruncatedSVD-ComplementNB) was employed to identify operator error-specific terms in tower crane operations. These terms were then correlated with the eight Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) of the SPAR-H method, and corresponding failure modes and potential causes were determined from the literature. This ensured a more objective selection of influencing factors and PSFs during the stratification process, which was validated through questionnaire surveys. Furthermore, standards for SPAR-H PSF levels were established based on the characteristics of tower crane operators. Given the inherent complexity of relationships among SPAR-H PSFs, the DEMATEL-ANP method was applied. This involved analyzing logical interactions and causal relationships between first_level and second-level indicators of PSFs, obtaining weights, and integrating these with the SPAR-H method to determine human reliability. Finally, an analysis and validation were conducted using a case study of an accident involving a smart construction tower crane, confirming the subsequent reliability of operator actions. The result of the accident case study yielded a reliability measure of 4.2 × 10−5. These findings indicate that the evaluation process of this method aligns with scenarios encountered in smart construction tower crane operations.

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